A database is an organized collection of _______________.
a. data
b. Attributes
c. Record
d. None of the above
ANSWER : a (data)
In the relational model, the row of the table is known to be
A. Relation
B. Attribute
C. Tuple
D. Entity field
ANSWER: C
A relational database
consists of a collection of
A. Tables
B. Fields
C. Records
D. Keys
ANSWER: A
A ________ in a table represents a relationship among a set
of values.
A. Column
B. Key
C. Row
D. Entry
ANSWER: C
The term _______ is used to refer to a row.
A. Attribute
B. Tuple
C. Field
D. Instance
ANSWER: B
The term attribute refers to a ___________ of a table.
A. Record
B. Column
C. Tuple
D. Key
ANSWER: B
In the __________ normal form, a composite attribute is
converted to individual attributes.
A. First
B. Second
C. Third
D. Fourth
ANSWER: A
Tables in second normal form (2NF):
A. Eliminate all hidden dependencies
B. Eliminate the possibility of a insertion anomalies
C. Have a composite key
D. Have all non key fields depend on the whole primary key
ANSWER: A
Functional Dependencies are the types of constraints that are
based on______
A. Key
B. Key revisited
C. Superset key
D. None of these
ANSWER: A
Which of the following creates a virtual table for storing
the query ?
A. Function
B. View
C. Procedure
D. None of the mentioned
ANSWER: B
Which of the following software is appropriate to store data
about school students?
a. MS-Access
b. Writer
c. Calc
d. Impress
ANSWER :. a. MS-Access
Which of the following is not a database programs?
a. MySQL
b. Oracle
c. Writer
d. OObase
ANSWER :. c. Writer
__________ store data in Single table.
a. Flat File
b. Relational
c. Single File
d. One File
ANSWER :. a. Flat File
___________ are dedicated
computers that hold the actual databases and run only DBMS and related
Software.
a. Main Server
b. Web Server
c. Database Server
d. Non Database Server
ANSWER :. c. Database Server
GUI act as front end and database server act as _____
a. Container
b. Back End
c. End
d. None of the above
ANSWER : b. Back End
Duplication of data is called _________.
a. Inconsistency
b. Consistency
c. Redundancy
d. Foreign Key
ANSWER : c. Redundancy
Which of the following is not the advantage of database?
a. Sharing of Data
b. Reduce Data Redundancy
c. Increase Data Inconsistency
d. Data Security
ANSWER :. c. Increase Data Inconsistency
Data Integrity means that data is accurate and consistent in
the database.(T/F)
a. True
b. False
ANSWER :. a. True
A database can have only one table.(T/F)
a. True
b. False
ANSWER :. b. False
A relational database consists of a collection of
a) Tables
b) Fields
c) Records
d) Keys
Answer:a
Explanation:Fields are the column of the relation or tables.Records
are each row in relation.Keys are the constraints in a
relation .
A ________ in a table represents a relationship among a
set of values.
a) Column
b) Key
c) Row
d) Entry
Answer:c
Explanation:Column has only one set of values.Keys are constraints
and row is one whole set of attributes.Entry is just a piece
of data.
The term _______ is used to refer to a row.
a) Attribute
b) Tuple
c) Field
d) Instance
Answer:b
Explanation:Tuple is one entry of the relation with several
attributes
which are fields.
The term attribute refers to a ___________ of a table.
a) Record
b) Column
c) Tuple
d) Key
Answer:b
Explanation:Attribute is a specific domain in the relation
which has
entries of all tuples.
For each attribute of a relation, there is a set of permitted
values, called the ________ of that attribute.
a) Domain
b) Relation
c) Set
d) Schema
Answer:a
Explanation:The values of the attribute should be present in
the
domain.Domain is a set of values permitted .
Database __________ , which is the logical design of the
database, and the database _______,which is a snapshot of
the data in the database at a given instant in time.
a) Instance, Schema
b) Relation, Schema
c) Relation, Domain
d) Schema, Instance
Answer:d
Explanation:Instance is a instance of time and schema is a
representation.
Course(course_id,sec_id,semester)
Here the course_id,sec_id and semester are __________
and course is a _________ .
a) Relations, Attribute
b) Attributes, Relation
c) Tuple, Relation
d) Tuple, Attributes
Answer:b
Explanation:The relation course has a set of attributes
course_id,sec_id,semester .
Department (dept name, building, budget) and Employee
(employee_id , name, dept name,salary)
Here the dept_name attribute appears in both the
relations.Here using common attributes in relation schema is one
way of relating ___________ relations.
a) Attributes of common
b) Tuple of common
c) Tuple of distinct
d) Attributes of distinct
Answer:c
Explanation:Here the relations are connected by the common
attributes.
A domain is atomic if elements of the domain are
considered to be ____________ units.
a) Different
b) Indivisbile
c) Constant
d) Divisible
Answer:b
Explanation:None.
The tuples of the relations can be of ________ order.
a) Any
b) Same
c) Sorted
d) Constant
Answer:a
Explanation:The values only count .The order of the tuples
does not
matter.
Which one of the following is a set of one or more
attributes taken collectively to uniquely identify a record?
a) Candidate key
b) Sub key
c) Super key
d) Foreign key
Answer:c
Explanation:Super key is the superset of all the keys in a
relation.
Consider attributes ID , CITY and NAME . Which one of
this can be considered as a super key ?
a) NAME
b) ID
c) CITY
d) CITY , ID
Answer:b
Explanation:Here the id is the only attribute which can be
taken as a
key. Other attributes are not uniquely identified .
The subset of super key is a candidate key under what
condition ?
a) No proper subset is a super key
b) All subsets are super keys
c) Subset is a super key
d) Each subset is a super key
Answer:a
Explanation:The subset of a set cannot be the same
set.Candidate key
is a set from a super key which cannot be the whole of the
super set
A _____ is a property of the entire relation, rather than
of the individual tuples in which each tuple is unique.
a) Rows
b) Key
c) Attribute
d) Fields
Answer:b
Explanation:Key is the constraint which specifies uniqueness.
Which one of the following attribute can be taken as a
primary key ?
a) Name
b) Street
c) Id
d) Department
Answer:c
Explanation:The attributes name , street and department can
repeat
for some tuples.But the id attribute has to be unique .So it
forms a
primary key.
Which one of the following cannot be taken as a primary
key ?
a) Id
b) Register number
c) Dept_id
d) Street
Answer:d
Explanation:Street is the only attribute which can occur more
than
once.
A attribute in a relation is a foreign key if the _______
key from one relation is used as an attribute in that
relation
.
a) Candidate
b) Primary
c) Super
d) Sub
Answer:b
Explanation:The primary key has to be referred in the other
relation
to form a foreign key in that relation .
The relation with the attribute which is the primary key
is referenced in another relation. The relation which has
the attribute as primary key is called
a) Referential relation
b) Referencing relation
c) Referenced relation
d) Referred relation
Answer:b
Explanation:None.
The ______ is the one in which the primary key of one
relation is used as a normal attribute in another relation .
a) Referential relation
b) Referencing relation
c) Referenced relation
d) Referred relation
Answer:c
Explanation:None.
A _________ integrity constraint requires that the values
appearing in specified attributes of any tuple in the referencing relation also
appear in specified attributes of at least one tuple in the referenced
relation.
a) Referential
b) Referencing
c) Specific
d) Primary
Answer:a
Explanation:A relation, say r1, may include among its
attributes the primary key of another relation, say r2. This attribute is
called a foreign key from r1, referencing r2. The relation r1 is also called
the referencing relation of the foreign key dependency, and r2 is called the
referenced relation of the foreign key.
Using which language can a user request information
from a database ?
a) Query
b) Relational
c) Structural
d) Compiler
Answer:a
Explanation:Query language is a method through which the
database
entries can be accessed.
Student(ID, name, dept name, tot_cred)
In this query which attribute form the primary key?
a) Name
b) Dept
c) Tot_cred
d) ID
Answer:d
Explanation:The attributes name ,dept and tot_cred can have
same
values unlike ID .
Which one of the following is a procedural language ?
a) Domain relational calculus
b) Tuple relational calculus
c) Relational algebra
d) Query language
Answer:c
Explanation:Domain and Tuple relational calculus are
non-procedural
language.Query language is a method through which the
database
entries can be accessed.
The_____ operation allows the combining of two
relations by merging pairs of tuples, one from each
relation, into a single tuple.
a) Select
b) Join
c) Union
Answer:b
Explanation:Join finds the common tuple in the relations and
combines it.
The result which operation contains all pairs of tuples
from the two relations, regardless of whether their
attribute values match.
a) Join
b) Cartesian product
c) Intersection
d) Set difference
Answer:b
Explanation:Cartesian product is the multiplication of all
the values in
the attributes.
The _______operation performs a set union of two
“similarly structured” tables
a) Union
b) Join
c) Product
d) Intersect
Answer:a
Explanation:Union just combines all the values of relations
of same
attributes.
The most commonly used operation in relational
algebra for projecting a set of tuple from a relation is
a) Join
b) Projection
c) Select
d) Union
Answer:c
Explanation:Select is used to view the tuples of the relation
with or
without some constraints.
The _______ operator takes the results of two queries
and returns only rows that appear in both result sets.
a) Union
b) Intersect
c) Difference
d) Projection
Answer:b
Explanation:The union operator gives the result which is the
union of
two queries and difference is the one where query which is
not a part
of second query .
What is the purpose of index in SQL?
A. To enhance the query performance
B. To provide an index to a record
C. To perform fast searches
D. All of the above
ANSWER: D
What is the full form of SQL?
A. Structured Query Language
B. Structured Query List
C. Simple Query Language
D. None of these
ANSWER: A
Which operator performs pattern matching?
A. BETWEEN
B. LIKE
C. IN
D. AND
ANSWER: B
What operator tests column for the absence of data?
A. ISNULL
B. IN
C. AND
D. NOT
ANSWER: A
In SQL, which of the following is not a Data Definition
Language(DDL) commands?
A. UPDATE
B. CREATE
C. GRANT
D. REVOKE
ANSWER: A
In SQL, which command is used to SELECT only one copy of each
set of duplicable rows
A. SELECT UNIQUE
B. SELECT DIFFERENT
C. SELECT DISTINCT
D. All of the above
ANSWER: A
A command that lets you change one or more fields in a record
is
A. Insert
B. Modify
C. Look-up
D. Select
ANSWER: B
Which of the SQL statement is correct?
A. SELECT Username AND Password FROM Student
B. SELECT Username, Password WHERE Username = 'HICAS’
C. SELECT Username, Password FROM Student
D. None of these
ANSWER: C
The FROM clause in SQL is used to ------------
A. specify range for search condition
B. specify search condition
C. specify what table we are selecting
D. None of these
ANSWER: C
Which SQL keyword is used to retrieve only unique values?
A. DISTINCTIVE
B. UNIQUE
C. DISTINCT
D. DIFFERENT
ANSWER: C
Which SQL keyword is used to retrieve a maximum value?
A. TOP
B. MOST
C. UPPER
D. MAX
ANSWER: D
What is a view?
A. A view is a special stored procedure executed when certain
event occurs.
B. A view is a virtual table which results of executing a
pre-compiled query.
C. A view is a database diagram.
D. None of these
ANSWER: B
Which of the following SQL command is used to retrieve data?
A. DELETE
B. INSERT
C. SELECT
D. JOIN
ANSWER: C
Which of the following is a SQL aggregate function?
A. LEFT
B. AVG
C. JOIN
D. LEN
ANSWER: B
Which SQL statement is used to update data in a database?
A. SAVE
B. UPDATE
C. SAVE AS
D. MODIFY
ANSWER: B
Which SQL statement is used to delete data FROM a database?
A. COLLAPSE
B. REMOVE
C. ALTER
D. DELETE
ANSWER: D
Which SQL keyword is used to sort the Data?
A. SORT BY
B. ORDER
C. ORDER BY
D. SORT
ANSWER: C
Which of the following group functions ignore NULL values?
A. MAX
B. COUNT
C. SUM
D. All of the above
ANSWER: D
Which of the following command makes the updates performed by
the transaction permanent in the database?
A. ROLLBACK
B. COMMIT
C. TRUNCATE
D. DELETE
ANSWER: B
Which command undo all the updates performed by the SQL in
the transaction?
A. ROLLBACK
B. COMMIT
C. TRUNCATE
D. DELETE
ANSWER: A
Find all the cities whose Temperature is 90 from the Table
weather.
A. SELECT city WHERE Temperature =90;
B. SELECT city FROM weather WHERE Temperature = 90;
C. SELECT Temperature = 90 FROM weather;
D. SELECT city FROM weather;
ANSWER: B
Find the temperature in increasing order of all cities from
the Table weather.
A. SELECT city FROM weather ORDER BY temperature;
B. SELECT city, temperature FROM weather;
C. SELECT city, temperature FROM weather ORDER BY
temperature;
D. SELECT city, temperature FROM weather ORDER BY city;
ANSWER: C
What is the meaning of LIKE '%0%0%'
A. Feature begins with two 0's
B. Feature ends with two 0's
C. Feature has more than two 0's
D. Feature has two 0's in it, at any position
ANSWER: D
Find temperature is in the range of 65 to 76 from the table
weather.
A. SELECT * FROM weather WHERE Temperature IN (65 to 75)
B. SELECT * FROM weather WHERE Temperature NOT IN (65 AND 75)
C. SELECT * FROM weather WHERE Temperature BETWEEN 65 AND 75
D. SELECT * FROM weather WHERE Temperature NOT BETWEEN 65 AND
75
ANSWER: C
The SELECT statement SELECT 'HELLO' FROM DUAL WHERE NULL =
NULL; Output is.
A. HELLO
B. FLASE
C. TRUE
D. Nothing
ANSWER: D
Which of the following SQL command can be used to add data to
a database table?
A. ADD
B. UPDATE
C. APPEND
D. INSERT
ANSWER: D
Which of the following join is also called as an
'inner-join'?
A. Outer join
B. Self-Join
C. Equijoin
D. None of these
ANSWER: C
Which of the following is NOT a SQL constraint?
A. PRIMARY KEY
B. ALTERNATE KEY
C. FOREIGN KEY
D. UNIQUE
ANSWER: B
What is an SQL virtual table that is constructed from other
tables?
A. view
B. A relation
C. Null
D. Query
ANSWER: A
The SQL ALTER statement can be used to:
A. Change the table data.
B. Change the table structure.
C. Delete rows from the table.
D. Add rows to the table.
ANSWER: B
What SQL command can be used to add columns to a table?
A. ALTER TABLE TableName ADD ColumnName
B. ALTER TABLE TableName ADD COLUMN ColumnName
C. MODIFY TABLE TableName ADD ColumnName
D. MODIFY TABLE TableName ADD COLUMN ColumnName
ANSWER: A
The command to remove rows from a table 'CUSTOMER' is:
A. DROP FROM CUSTOMER ...
B. UPDATE FROM CUSTOMER ...
C. REMOVE FROM CUSTOMER ...
D. DELETE FROM CUSTOMER WHERE ...
ANSWER: D
The SQL WHERE clause:
A. Limits the row data are returned.
B. Limits the column data that are returned.
C. Both A and B are correct.
D. Neither A nor B are correct
ANSWER: A
Which of the following is the original purpose of SQL?
A. To define the data structures
B. To specify the syntax and semantics of SQL Data definition
language
C. To specify the syntax and semantics of SQL Data
manipulation language
D. All of the above
ANSWER: D
The command to eliminate a table from a database is:
A. DROP TABLE CUSTOMER;
B. DELETE TABLE CUSTOMER;
C. REMOVE TABLE CUSTOMER;
D. UPDATE TABLE CUSTOMER;
ANSWER: A
The SQL keyword(s) ________ is used with wildcards.
A. NOT IN only
B. LIKE only
C. IN only
D. IN and NOT IN
ANSWER: B
A Subquery in an SQL SELECT statement is enclosed in:
A. Parenthesis (...).
B. Brackets [...].
C. Hash #--#
D. Braces {...}.
ANSWER: A
In SQL SELECT statement the asterisk (*) means that:
A. All columns of the table are to be returned.
B. All records meeting the full criteria are to be returned.
C. All records with even partial criteria met are to be
returned.
D. None of the above is correct.
ANSWER: A
The HAVING clause does which of the following?
A. Acts EXACTLY like a WHERE clause.
B. Acts like a WHERE clause but is used for columns rather
than groups.
C. Acts like a WHERE clause but is used for groups rather
than rows.
D. Acts like a WHERE clause but is used for rows rather than
columns.
ANSWER: C
Which of the following do you need to consider when you make
a table in SQL?
A. Data types
B. Primary keys
C. Default values
D. All of the above.
ANSWER: D
SQL can be used to:
A. Create database structures only.
B. Query database data only.
C. Modify database data only.
D. All of the above can be done by SQL.
ANSWER: D
The SQL keyword BETWEEN is used:
A. To limit the columns displayed.
B. For ranges.
C. As a wildcard.
D. None of these is correct.
ANSWER: B
Select all data from student table the name starting with
'r'?
A. SELECT * FROM student WHERE name LIKE 'r%';
B. SELECT * FROM student WHERE name LIKE '%r%';
C. SELECT * FROM student WHERE name LIKE '%r';
D. SELECT * FROM student WHERE name LIKE '_r%';
ANSWER: A
Select the right statement to insert values to the student
table.
A. INSERT student VALUES (
B. INSERT VALUES (
C. INSERT INTO student VALUES (
D. INSERT VALUES INTO student (
ANSWER: C
Which joins two or more tables based on a specified column
value not equaling a specified column value in another
table.
A. EQUIJOIN
B. NON-EQUIJOIN
C. OUTER JOIN
D. NATURAL JOIN
ANSWER: B
In SQL, which of the following is not a (DDL)Data definition
language command?
A. REVOKE
B. RENAME
C. UPDATE
D. GRANT
ANSWER: C
Count function in SQL returns the number of
A. Values.
B. Distinct values.
C. Groups.
D. Columns.
ANSWER: A
NULL is
A. The same as 0 for integer
B. The same as blank for character
C. The same as 0 for integer and blank for character
D. Not a value
ANSWER: D
Which subprogram is used to compute a value?
A. Procedure
B. Function
C. Both A & B
D. None of the above
ANSWER: B
Which is a procedural extension of Oracle?
A. PQL
B. Advanced SQL
C. PL/SQL
D. SQL
ANSWER: C
Which of the following combines the data manipulating power
of SQL with the data processing power of Procedural
languages?
A. PQL
B. Advanced SQL
C. PL/SQL
D. SQL
ANSWER: C
Which keyword and parameter used for declaring an explicit
cursor?
A. Constraint
B. Cursor_variable_declaration
C. Collection_declaration
D. Cursor_declaration
ANSWER: D
Which keyword is used instead of the assignment operator to
initialize variables?
A. NOT NULL
B. DEFAULT
C. %TYPE
D. %ROWTYPE
ANSWER: B
Which statements execute a sequence of statements multiple
times?
A. EXIT
B. LOOP
C. Both A & B
D. None of the above
ANSWER: B
Which statements are used to control a cursor variable?
A. OPEN-FOR
B. FETCH
C. CLOSE
D. All mentioned above
ANSWER: D
The variables or expressions passed from the calling
subprogram are -
A. Actual Parameters
B. Formal Parameters
C. Both A & B
D. None of the above
ANSWER: A
Which attribute returns NULL?
A. %FOUND
B. %ISOPEN
C. %NOTFOUND
D. %ROWCOUNT
ANSWER: A
Which type of cursor is automatically declared by Oracle
every time an SQL statement is executed?
A. An Implicit
B. An Explicit
C. Both A & B
D. None of the above
ANSWER: A
What are the different datatypes that can be defined in a
PL/SQL block?
A. Scalar
B. Composite
C. Reference
D. All mentioned above
ANSWER: D
Which is a simple or compound symbol that has a special
meaning to PL/SQL?
A. Delimiters
B. Identifiers
C. Literals
D. Comments
ANSWER: A
Which structure executes a sequence of statements repeatedly
as long as a condition holds true?
A. Selection structure
B. Iteration structure
C. Sequence structure
D. None of the above
ANSWER: B
Which of the following returns the current value in a
specified sequence.
A. CURRVAL
B. NEXTVAL
C. Both A & B
D. None of the above
ANSWER: A
Which operators combine the results of two queries into one
result?
A. Set operator
B. Row Operator
C. Both A & B
D. None of the above
ANSWER: A
In PL/SQL, a warning or error condition is called an
exception.
A. True
B. False
C. NULL
D. NOT NULL
ANSWER: A
PL/SQL stands for -
A. Programming Language/Sql
B. Procedural Language/Sql
C. Portable Language/Sql
D. Preference Language/Sql
ANSWER:B
Select invalid variable Data type
A. CHAR
B. VARCHAR1
C. VARCHAR2
D. NUMBER
ANSWER: B
List the correct sequence of commands to process a set of
records when using explicit cursors
A. INITIALIZE, GET, CLOSE
B. CURSOR, GET, FETCH, CLOSE
C. OPEN, FETCH, CLOSE
D. CURSOR, FETCH, CLOSE
ANSWER: C
Which of the following is not a grouping function.
A. COUNT
B. SUM
C. DISTINCT
D. MIN
ANSWER: C
If you don't specify a mode for a parameter, what is the
default mode?
A. OUT
B. IN
C. COPY
D. DEFAULT
ANSWER: B
What are the three parameter modes for procedures?
A. IN, OUT, IN OUT
B. Read, Write, Append
C. CONSTANT, VARIABLE, DEFAULT
D. COPY, NOCOPY, REF
ANSWER: A
Which of the following function checks whether the expression
is a valid date or not?
A. ISDATE
B. ISDAY
C. ISVALID
D. ISYEAR
ANSWER: A
Which of the following are TCL commands?
A. UPDATE and TRUNCATE
B. SELECT and INSERT
C. GRANT and REVOKE
D. ROLLBACK and SAVEPOINT
ANSWER: D
Which is not a category of SQL command.
A. TCL
B. SCL
C. DCL
D. DDL
ANSWER: B
Which function returns leading and trailing characters of a
string?
A. SUBSTR
B. SUBSTRB
C. SOUNDEX
D. TRIM
ANSWER: D
The function returns a string with first letter of each word
in uppercase
A. SUBSTR
B. INITCAP
C. SOUNDEX
D. TRIM
ANSWER: B
The function returns current date SQL is
A. SYSDATE
B. DUAL
C. MONTHS_BETWEEN
D. ISDATE
ANSWER: A
The function returns the next day of week following a given
date is
A. DUAL
B. MONTHS_BETWEEN
C. ISDATE
D. NEXT_DAY
ANSWER: D
Select __________ from instructor where deptname=
’bbaca.’;Which of the following should be used to find the AV
ERAGE of the salary?
A. AVERAGE(salary)
B. Avg(salary)
C. Sum(salary)
D. Count(salary)
ANSWER: B
A ________ is a pictorial depiction of the schema of a
database that shows the relations in the database, their
attributes, and primary keys and foreign keys.
a) Schema diagram
b) Relational algebra
c) Database diagram
d) Schema flow
Answer:a
Explanation:None.
The _________ provides a set of operations that take
one or more relations as input and return a relation as an
output.
a) Schematic representation
b) Relational algebra
c) Scheme diagram
d) Relation flow
Answer:b
Explanation:None.
Which one of the following is used to define the structure of
the relation ,deleting relations and relating
schemas ?
a) DML(Data Manipulation Langauge)
b) DDL(Data Definition Langauge)
c) Query
d) Relational Schema
Answer:b
Explanation: Data Definition language is the language which
performs
all the operation in defining structure of relation.
Which one of the following provides the ability to query information
from the database and to insert tuples into,
delete tuples from, and modify tuples in the database ?
a) DML(Data Manipulation Langauge)
b) DDL(Data Definition Langauge)
c) Query
d) Relational Schema
Answer:a
Explanation: DML performs change in the values of the
relation .
Create table employee (name varchar ,id integer)
What type of statement is this ?
a) DML
b) DDL
c) View
d) Integrity constraint
Answer:b
Explanation:Data Definition language is the language which
performs
all the operation in defining structure of relation.
Select * from employee
What type of statement is this?
a) DML
b) DDL
c) View
d) Integrity constraint
Answer:a
Explanation: Select operation just shows the required fields
of the
relation. So it forms a DML
The basic data type char(n) is a _____ length character
string and varchar(n) is _____ length character.
a) Fixed, equal
b) Equal, variable
c) Fixed, variable
d) Variable, equal
Answer:c
Explanation: Varchar changes its length accordingly whereas
char has
a specific length which has to be filled by either letters or
spaces .
An attribute A of datatype varchar(20) has the value
“Avi” . The attribute B of datatype char(20) has value
”Reed” .Here attribute A has ____ spaces and attribute B
has ____ spaces .
a) 3, 20
b) 20, 4
c) 20 , 20
d) 3, 4
Answer:a
Explanation: Varchar changes its length accordingly whereas
char has
a specific length which has to be filled by either letters or
spaces.
To remove a relation from an SQL database, we use the
______ command.
a) Delete
b) Purge
c) Remove
d) Drop table
Answer:d
Explanation: Drop table deletes the whole structure of the
relation
.purge removes the table which cannot be obtained again.
Delete from r; r – relation
This command performs which of the following action ?
a) Remove relation
b) Clear relation entries
c) Delete fields
d) Delete rows
Answer:b
Explanation: Delete command removes the entries in the table.
Insert into instructor values (10211, ’Smith’, ’Biology’,
66000);
What type of statement is this ?
a) Query
b) DML
c) Relational
d) DDL
Answer:b
Explanation: The values are manipulated .So it is a DML .
Updates that violate __________ are disallowed .
a) Integrity constraints
b) Transaction control
c) Authorization
d) DDL constraints
Answer:a
Explanation:Integrity constraint has to be maintained in the
entries of
the relation .
Select name ____ instructor name, course id
from instructor, teaches
where instructor.ID= teaches.ID;
Which keyword must be used here to rename the field name ?
a) From
b) Rename
c) As
d) Join
Answer:c
Explanation:As keyword is used to rename.
Select * from employee where dept_name=”Comp Sci”;
In the SQL given above there is an error . Identify the error.
a) Dept_name
b) Employee
c) “Comp Sci”
d) From
Answer:c
Explanation:For any string operations single quoted(‘) must
be used
to enclose.
Select emp_name
from department
where dept_name like ’ _____ Computer Science’;
Which one of the following has to be added into the blank to select
the dept_name which has Computer Science as its ending string ?
a) %
b) _
c) ||
d) $
Answer:a
Explanation:The % character matches any substring.
’_ _ _ ’ matches any
string of ______ three characters.
’_ _ _ %’ matches any string of at ______ three characters.
a) Atleast, Exactly
b) Exactly, Atleast
c) Atleast, All
d) All , Exactly
Answer:b
Explanation:None.
Select name
from instructor
where dept name = ’Physics’
order by name;
By default, the order by clause lists items in ______ order.
a) Descending
b) Any
c) Same
d) Ascending
Answer:d
Explanation:Specification of descending order is essential
but it not
for ascending.
Select *
from instructor
order by salary ____, name ___;
To display the salary from greater to smaller and name in
ascending order which of the following options should be
used ?
a) Ascending, Descending
b) Asc, Desc
c) Desc, Asc
d) Descending, Ascending
Answer:c
Explanation:None.
Select name
from
instructor
where
salary <= 100000 and salary >= 90000;
This query
can be replaced by which of the following ?
a) Select
name
from
instructor
where
salary between 90000 and 100000;
b) Select
name
from
employee
where
salary <= 90000 and salary>=100000;
c) Select
name
from
employee
where
salary between 90000 and 100000;
d) Select
name
from
instructor
where
salary between 100000 and 90000;
Answer:a
Explanation:
SQL includes a between comparison operator to simplify
where
clauses that specify that a value be less than or equal to some
value and
greater than or equal to some other value.
Select instructor.*
from instructor, teaches
where instructor.ID= teaches.ID;
This query does which of the following operation?
a) All attributes of instructor and teaches are selected
b) All attributes of instructor are selected on the given
condition
c) All attributes of teaches are selected on given condition
d) Only the some attributes from instructed and teaches are
selected
Answer:b
In SQL the spaces at the end of the string are removed
by _______ function .
a) Upper
b) String
c) Trim
d) Lower
Answer:c
Explanation: The syntax of trim is Trim(s); where s-string .
_____ operator is used for appending two strings.
a) &
b) %
c) ||
d) _
Answer:c
Explanation: || is the concatenation operator.
The union operation is
represented by
a) n
b) U
c) –
d5) *
Answer:b
Explanation:Union operator combines the relations.
The intersection
operator is used to get the _____
tuples.
a) Different
b) Common
c) All
d) Repeating
Answer:b
Explanation:Intersection operator ignores unique tuples and takes
only common ones.
The union operation automatically __________,
unlike the select clause.
a) Adds tuples
b) Eliminates unique tuples
c) Adds common tuples
d) Eliminates duplicate
Answer:d
Explanation:None.
If we want to retain all duplicates, we must write
________ in place of union.
a) Union all
b) Union some
c) Intersect all
d) Intersect some
Answer:a
Explanation:Union all will combine all the tuples including
duplicates.
(Select course id from section
where semester = ’Fall’ and year= 2009)
except (select course id from section
where semester = ’Spring’ and year= 2010);
This query displays
a) Only tuples from second part
b) Only tuples from the first part which has the tuples from
second part
c) Tuples from both the parts
d) Tuples from first part which do not have second part
Answer:d
Explanation:Except keyword is used to ignore the values.
For like predicate which of the following is true.
i) % matches zero of more characters.
ii) _ matches exactly one character.
a) i-only
b) ii-only
c) Both of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned
Answer:a
Explanation:% is used with like and _ is used to fill in the
character
The number of attributes in relation is called as its
a) Cardinality
b) Degree
c) Tuples
d) Entity
Answer:b
Explanation:None.
_____ clause is an
additional filter that is applied to the
result.
a) Select
b) Group-by
c) Having
d) Order by
Answer:c
Explanation:Having is used to provide additional aggregate
filtration
to the query.
_________ joins are SQL server default
a) Outer
b) Inner
c) Equi
d) None of the mentioned
Answer:b
Explanation:It is optional to give the inner keyword with
join as it is
default .
The _____________ is essentially used to search for
patterns in target string.
a) Like Predicate
b) Null Predicate
c) In Predicate
d) Out Predicate
Answer:a
Explanation:Like predicate matches the string in the given
pattern.
A _____ indicates an absent value that may exist but be
unknown or that may not exist at all.
a) Empty tuple
b) New value
c) Null value
d) Old value
Answer:c
Explanation:None.
If the attribute phone number is included in the relation
all the values need not be entered into the phone number
column . This type of entry is given as
a) 0
b) –
c) Null
d) Empty space
Answer:c
Explanation:Null is used to represent absence of a value.
The predicate in a where clause can involve Boolean
operations such as and.The result of true and unknown
is_______, false and unknown is _____, while unknown
and unknown is _____.
a) Unknown, unknown, false
b) True, false, unknown
c) True, unknown, unknown
d) Unknown, false, unknown
Answer:d
Explanation:None.
Select name
from instructor
where salary is not null;
Selects
a) Tuples with null value
b) Tuples with no null values
c) Tuples with any salary
d) All of the mentioned
Answer:b
Explanation:Not null constraint removes the tpules of null
values.
In a employee table to include the attributes whose
value always have some value which of the following
constraint must be used ?
a) Null
b) Not null
c) Unique
d) Distinct
Answer:b
Explanation:Not null constraint removes the tpules of null
values.
Using the ______ clause retains only one copy of such
identical tuples.
a) Null
b) Unique
c) Not null
d) Distinct
Answer:d
Explanation:Unique is a constraint.
Create table employee (id integer,name
varchar(20),salary not null);
Insert into employee values (1005,Rach,0);
Insert into employee values (1007,Ross, );
Insert into employee values (1002,Joey,335);
Some of these insert statements will produce an error.
Identify the statement.
a) Insert into employee values (1005,Rach,0);
b) Insert into employee values (1002,Joey,335);
c) Insert into employee values (1007,Ross, );
d) Both a and c
Answer:c
Explanation:Not null constraint is specified which means sone
value
(can include 0 also) should be given.
The primary key must be
a) Unique
b) Not null
c) Both a and b
d) Either a or b
Answer:c
Explanation:Primary key must satisfy unique and not null
condition
for sure.
You attempt to query the database with this command:
(25) select nvl (100 / quantity, none) from inventory;
Why does this statement cause an error when QUANTITY values
are null?
a. The expression attempts to divide by a null value.
b. The data types in the conversion function are
incompatible.
c. The character string none should be enclosed in single
quotes (‘ ‘).
d. A null value used in an expression cannot be converted to
an actual
value
Answer:a
Explanation: The expression attempts to divide by a null
value is errorneous in sql.
The result of _____unknown is unknown.
a) Xor
b) Or
c) And
d) Not
Answer:d
Explanation:Since unknown does not hold any value the value
cannot
have a reverse value.
Aggregate functions are functions that take a
___________ as input and return a single value.
a) Collection of values
b) Single value
c) Aggregate value
d) Both a & b
Answer:a
Explanation:None.
Select __________
from instructor
where dept name= ’Comp. Sci.’;
Which of the following should be used to find the mean of
the salary ?
a) Mean(salary)
b) Avg(salary)
c) Sum(salary)
d) Count(salary)
Answer:b
Explanation:Avg() is used to find the mean of the values.
Select count (____ ID)
from teaches
where semester = ’Spring’ and year = 2010;
If we do want to eliminate duplicates, we use the keyword
______in the aggregate expression.
a) Distinct
b) Count
c) Avg
d) Primary key
Answer:a
Explanation:Distinct keyword is used to select only unique
items from
the relation.
All aggregate functions except _____ ignore null values
in their input collection.
a) Count(attribute)
b) Count(*)
c) Avg
d) Sum
Answer:b
Explanation:* is used to select all values including null.
A Boolean data type that can take values true, false,
and________ .
a) 1
b) 0
c) Null
d) Unknown
Answer:d
Explanation:Unknown values do not take null value but it is
not
known.
The ____ connective tests for set membership, where
the set is a collection of values produced by a select
clause.
The ____ connective tests for the absence of set
membership.
a) Or, in
b) Not in, in
c) In, not in
d) In, or
Answer:c
Explanation:In checks if the query has the value but not in
checks if it
does not have the value.
The ________________ is essentially used to search for
patterns in a string.
A. Like Predicate
B. Null Predicate
C. In Predicate
D. Out Predicate
ANSWER: A
Which of the following constraint does not enforce
uniqueness?
A. UNIQUE
B. Primary key
C. Foreign key
D. None
ANSWER: C
Constraints can be applied on ___________
A. Column
B. Table
C. Field
D. All the above
ANSWER: D
Which of the constraint can be enforced one per table?
A. Primary key constraint
B. Not Null constraint
C. Foreign Key constraint
D. Check constraint
ANSWER: A
The BEGIN and END statements are used when ____________
A. A WHILE loop needs to include a block of statements
B. An element of a CASE expression needs to include a block
of statements
C. An IF or ELSE clause needs to include a block of
statements
D. All the above
ANSWER: D
Which one of the following is a set of one or more attributes
taken collectively to uniquely identify a record?
A. Candidate key
B. Sub key
C. Super key
D. Foreign key
ANSWER: C
Consider attributes ID , NAME AND ADDRESS . Which one of this
can be considered as a super key ?
A. NAME
B. ID
C. CITY
D. CITY,ID
ANSWER: B
Which one of the following attribute can be taken as a primary
key ?
A. Name
B. Address
C. Id
D. Department
ANSWER: C
Which of the following is used to store movie and image files
?
A. Clob
B. Blob
C.Img
D.Gif
ANSWER: B
Which one of the following is used to define the structure of
the TABLE?
A. DML
B. DDL
C. Query
D. TCL
ANSWER: B
Which one of the following provides the ability to query
information from the database and to insert .delete and mod
ify records in the database ?
A. DML
B. DDL
C. Query
D. TCL
ANSWER: A
Create table student (name varchar , id number, dob date)
What type of statement is this ?
A. DML
B. Join
C. View
D. DDL
ANSWER: D
Select * from Student what type of statement is this?
A. DML
B. DDL
C. View
D. Index
ANSWER: A
To remove a Table from an SQL database, we use the ______
command.
A. Delete Table
B. Truncate Table
C. Remove Table
D. Drop Table
ANSWER: D
The AUTO_INCREMENT sequences normally begin at __________
A. 0
B. 1
C. 11
D. 2
ANSWER: B
Syntax for creating views is __________
A. CREATE VIEW AS SELECT
B. CREATE VIEW AS UPDATE
C. DROP VIEW AS SELECT
D. CREATE VIEW AS UPDATE
ANSWER: A
You can delete a view with ___________ command.
A. DROP VIEW
B. DELETE VIEW
C. REMOVE VIEW
D. TRUNCATE VIEW
ANSWER: A
The full form of DDL is
A. Dynamic Data Language
B. Detailed Data Language
C. Data Definition Language
D. Data Derivation Language
ANSWER: C
Which of the following is a comparison operator in SQL?
A. =
B. LIKE
C. BETWEEN
D. +
ANSWER: A
Which function divides one numeric expression by another and
returns the remainder
A. POWER
B. MOD
C. ROUND
D. REMAINDER
ANSWER: B
Key to represent relationship between tables is called
A. Primary key
B. Secondary Key
C. Foreign Key
D. Candidate Key
ANSWER: A
A data manipulation command the combines the records from one
or more tables is called
A. SELECT
B. PROJECT
C. JOIN
D. PRODUCT
ANSWER: C
DBMS helps tO achieve
A. Data independence
B. Centralized control of data
C. Control redundancy
D. All of above
ANSWER: D
Which of the following are the properties of entities?
A. Groups
B. Table
C. Attributes
D. Switchboards
ANSWER: C
A primary key is combined with a foreign key creates
A. Parent-Child relationship between the tables that connect
them
B. Many to many relationship between the tables that connect
them
C. Network model between the tables that connect them.
D. None of the above
ANSWER: A
In E-R Diagram relationship type is represented by
A. Ellipse
B. Dashed ellipse
C. Rectangle
D. Diamond
ANSWER: D
A table joined with itself is called
A. Join
B. Self Join
C. Outer Join
D. Equi Join
ANSWER: B
A many to many relationship between two entities usually
results in how many tables?
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
ANSWER: C
Entity is a _________
A. Object of relation
B. Present working model
C. Thing in real world
D. Model of relation
ANSWER: C
To include integrity constraint in an existing TABLE use :
A. Modify table
B. Drop table
C. Alter table
D. Create table
ANSWER: C
Which of the following is not an integrity constraint?
A. Not null
B. Positive
C. Unique
D. Check
ANSWER: B
Foreign key is the one in which the ________ of one relation
is referenced in another relation.
A. Foreign key
B. Primary key
C. References
D. Check constraint
ANSWER: B
Choose the most suitable data type iColumn Name:
Date_Of_Birth ;
A. Timestamp
B. VARCHAR2(11)
C. Blob
D. Date
ANSWER: D
Determine data type for the given column? Column Name: REGNO
; Example: 19GDT251
A. VARCHAR2(15)
B. NUMBER
C. DATE
D. NUMBER(11)
ANSWER: A
which of the following is/are the DDL statements?
A. Create
B. Drop
C. Alter
D. All of the Mentioned
ANSWER: D
SQL has how many main commands for DDL:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
ANSWER: D
TRUNCATE Command in SQL is a
A. DDL
B. DML
C. DCL
D. TCL
ANSWER: A
How many types of indexes are there in sql server?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
ANSWER: B
5NF is designed to cope with :
A. Transitive dependency
B. Join dependency
C. Multi valued dependency
D. None of these
ANSWER: B
Alias or Alternate name for a Table ,View and Sequence is
A. Synonyms
B. Sequence
C. Unique
D. Index
ANSWER: A
Simple Indexes are created by using a Keyword
A. Not null
B. Positive
C. Unique
D. Check
ANSWER: C
The Keyword used to display data in descending order is
A. ASC
B. Descend
C. Unique
D. Desc
ANSWER: D
By default,the ORDER BY clause list items in
A. Descending order
B. Ascending Order
C. Unique
D. None
ANSWER: B
The process of Efficiently Eliminating data is
A. Denormalization
B. Join
C. Normalization
D. Indexes
ANSWER: C
The advance Version of 3NF is
A. DNF
B. FNCF
C. GNCF
D. BCNF
ANSWER: D
Abbreviation of BCNF is
A. Boyce–Codd Normal form
B. Brief–Codd Normal form
C. Bi-polar Normal form
D. BCC Normal Form
ANSWER: A
BCNF is also referred as
A. 3.0NF
B. 3.1NF
C. 3.3NF
D. 3.5NF
ANSWER: D
The opposite process of normalization is
A. Normal Forms
B. Normal View
C. Denormalization
D. Renormalization
ANSWER: C
Join which returns all records from the left table, and the
matched records from the right table is
A. FULL JOIN
B. SELF JOIN
C. LEFT (OUTER) JOIN
D. RIGHT (OUTER) JOIN
ANSWER: C
Join which returns records that have matching values in both
tables
A. FULL JOIN
B. SELF JOIN
C. LEFT (OUTER) JOIN
D. RIGHT (OUTER) JOIN
ANSWER: A
SQL provides constructs for
A. Updation
B. Insertion
C. Deletion
D. All of the Above
ANSWER: D
SQL expresses an insertion operation as
A. Insert into r
B. Insert to r
C. Insert for r
D. Insert in r
ANSWER: A
If any of the input values is null, the result of an
arithmetic expression, would be
A. 0
B. Null
C. 1
D. Undefined
ANSWER: B
For understanding of operations, the clauses must be written
in the order
A. Select, where, from
B. From, select, where
C. Select, from, where
D. From, where, select
ANSWER: C
In result if we want to retain all duplicates, we must write
A. Join all operator
B. Join operator
C. Union operator
D. Union all operator
ANSWER: D
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